Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)​

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which support functions in the body including you weight, skin and hair, energy levels, mood and more. Measuring TSH levels in the blood is an important diagnostic tool for assessing thyroid function.

Free T4​

T4 (Thyroxine), a thyroid hormone, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, body temperature and heart rate. It is also important for growth and development, particularly in the brain and nervous system. A T4 test is commonly combined with a TSH to more accurately reflex thyroid function.

Free T3 (triiodothyronine) ​

T3, the active form of thyroid hormone, plays an important role in regulating metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate. It increases the rate at which the body converts food into energy, and it stimulates the breakdown of fat for energy. T3 also helps to maintain normal growth and development, especially in the brain and nervous system and more.

Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies​

Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies are produced by the immune system in response to an antigen (a substance that comes from outside the body). The immune system can mistakenly target and attack thyroid peroxidase which can cause inflammation and damage to the thyroid gland. Over time, this can lead to reduced production of thyroid hormones and the development of autoimmune thyroid disease, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF-1)​

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a key role in the growth and development of cells, tissues, and organs in the body. In addition to its role in growth and development, IGF-1 has been implicated in a variety of other physiological processes, such as metabolism, bone growth and remodeling, and immune function. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a key role in the growth and development of cells, tissues, and organs in the body. In addition to its role in growth and development, IGF-1 has been implicated in a variety of other physiological processes, such as metabolism, bone growth and remodeling, and immune function.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)​

FSH, or follicle-stimulating hormone, is a crucial reproductive hormone that supports the release of eggs in women and the production of sperm in men.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)​

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the brain and plays a critical role in the regulation of the reproductive system

Total Testosterone​

Testosterone affects bone density, muscle mass, and fat distribution, and it is important for maintaining overall physical and mental health.
Testosterone levels typically decline with age, and low testosterone levels can lead to symptoms such as decreased libido, fatigue, and reduced muscle mass.

Free Testosterone​

Testosterone in the blood can be bound to proteins such as sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or albumin, which can limit its ability to interact with cells and have physiological effects. While total testosterone levels in the blood are commonly measured, free testosterone levels can be more informative in certain situations as this is the active and usable form

Estradiol​

Estradiol is a type of estrogen, which is a hormone that is primarily produced by the ovaries in females and to a lesser extent by the testes in males. In females, estradiol levels decline with age whereas estradiol increases in men with age. Women may exhibit symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood changes, sleep disturbances and/or decreased libido. As men age, their levels of testosterone typically decline and may also experience an increase in estradiol levels. This is because testosterone is converted into estradiol in the body.

Progesterone

Progesterone is a vital hormone that affects various bodily functions, including the reproductive system, thyroid function, and mood. Progesterone also has a number of other functions in the body, including regulating immune function, promoting bone health, and affecting mood and cognitive function.

DHEA-S​

DHEA-S stands for Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, which is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. DHEA-S is a precursor to both estrogen and testosterone and plays a role in the production of these hormones, as well as in the body’s stress response.

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)​

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) is a protein that is produced primarily in the liver and circulates in the bloodstream. SHBG binds to and transports sex hormones in the blood, including testosterone, estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone.

Homocysteine​

Homocysteine is an amino acid that is produced during the normal metabolism of methionine, another amino acid. Elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood have been associated with an increased risk of several health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and dementia. High homocysteine levels may contribute to the development of these conditions by damaging the lining of blood vessels and promoting inflammation.

High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (Hs-CRP)​

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), is a type of protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation in the body. Elevated levels of hs-CRP in the blood have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, such as heart attack and stroke.

Ferritin​

Ferritin is a protein that is found in cells throughout the body, and it plays a key role in the storage and release of iron. In response to inflammation or infection, ferritin levels in the blood can increase as part of the body’s immune response. In addition to its role as a potential marker of inflammation, ferritin levels can also be useful in assessing an individual’s iron status.

Vitamin D, 25-Hydroxy​

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that helps our body absorb calcium and promotes healthy bone growth. It also plays a role in many other bodily functions, including immune function, muscle function, and mood regulation.

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)​

Vitamin B12 is an important nutrient that plays a critical role in many bodily functions, including the production of red blood cells, DNA synthesis, and nervous system function.

Folate (B9)​

Folate is one of many B vitamins. The body needs folate for normal growth and to make red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets. Low folate can prevent your blood cells from developing normally and can cause nerve damage.

Magnesium

Magnesium plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including muscle and nerve function, energy production, and bone health. Measuring blood magnesium levels can help diagnose magnesium deficiency or excess, which can have various symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramps, tremors, arrhythmias, and seizures.

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)​

A Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP), is a blood test that provides important information about a person’s overall health and well-being. It measures various substances in the blood, including electrolytes, glucose, liver enzymes, and kidney function markers.

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)​

Hemoglobin A1c, also known as HbA1c, is a blood test that measures the average level of blood sugar (glucose) over the past 3 months.

Glucose (Fasting) – part of CMP​

The fasting glucose test gives us a snapshot in time of the sugar level in your blood, one of the markers for diabetes, metabolic imbalance, and insulin resistance.

Insulin (Fasting)​

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. A fasting insulin test is used to evaluate insulin resistance, which is a condition in which cells in the body become less responsive to insulin.

Total Cholesterol​

Cholesterol is a vital substance that is necessary for the normal functioning of the body. It is a type of fat-like substance that is found in every cell in the body and is particularly important for the formation and maintenance of cell membranes. Cholesterol is also needed for the production of various hormones, including estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, and plays a role in the synthesis of vitamin D.

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Often referred to as “good” cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and reduces the risk of heart disease.

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)​

LDL stands for low-density lipoprotein, which is a type of lipoprotein, a particle that carries cholesterol and other lipids (fats) through the bloodstream. LDL cholesterol is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol because it can build up in the walls of arteries and contribute to the development of heart disease.

Triglycerides

Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the bloodstream and stored in fat cells throughout the body. They are a major source of energy for the body and are produced by the liver from excess calories that are not needed for immediate energy.

Apolipoprotein B (Apo B)​

Apo B (apolipoprotein B) is a protein that is found in LDL cholesterol particles and other lipoproteins in the bloodstream. Apo B plays a key role in the transport of cholesterol and other lipids through the bloodstream, and it is an important indicator of cardiovascular risk.

Lipoprotein(a)

Lipoprotein(a), abbreviated as LP(a), is a type of lipoprotein that is produced by the liver and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Elevated levels of LP(a) in the blood have been linked to the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the accumulation of plaque in the arteries that can cause heart attacks and strokes.

Iron Saturation​

Iron saturation is a measure of the amount of iron that is in the blood.

Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity (UIBC)​

Unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) is often used together with serum iron levels to calculate the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), which is a measure of the maximum amount of iron

Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)​

A total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) test measures the blood’s ability to attach itself to iron and transport it around the body.

Complete Blood Count (CBC)​

A CBC provides information about the number, size, and shape of the blood cells, as well as the presence of any abnormal cells or other features that may indicate a medical condition.

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)​

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) is a protein produced by the prostate gland in men. PSA is typically found in small amounts in the blood, but its levels can increase due to various factors, including prostate cancer, prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate), and benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlargement of the prostate).

Hematocrit (HCT)​

Hematocrit is an important measure of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. RBCs contain hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body.

Hemoglobin (HGB)​

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein found in red blood cells (RBCs) that is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body.

Platelet Count​

Platelet count measures the number of platelets in the blood. Platelets are involved in the process of blood clotting and are produced in the bone marrow.

AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)

AST is an enzyme that is found in various tissues of the body, including the liver, heart, muscles, and kidneys. Commonly used to assess liver health.

ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)​

ALT is an enzyme that is primarily found in the liver, but is also present in some other tissues such as the heart and kidneys. Commonly used to assess liver health.